निघण्टु

समाम्नायः समाम्नातः। स व्याख्यातव्यः। तमिमं समाम्नायं ‘निघण्टव’ इत्याचक्षते। निघण्टवः कस्मात्। निगमा इमे भवन्ति। छन्दोभ्यः समाहृत्य समाहृत्य समाम्नाताः। ते निगन्तव एव सन्तो निगमनान्निघण्टव उच्यन्त इत्यौपमन्यवः। अपि वा हननादेव स्युः। समाहता भवन्ति। यद्वा समाहृता भवन्ति। तद् यानि चत्वारि पदजातानि नामाख्याते। चोपसर्गनिपाताश्च तानीमानि भवन्ति। तत्रैतन्नामाख्यातयोर्लक्षणं प्रदिशन्ति। भावप्रधानमाख्यातम्। सत्त्वप्रधानानि नामानि। तद्यत्रोभे, भावप्रधाने भवतः पूर्वापरीभूतं भावमाख्यातेनाचष्टे। व्रजति पचतीति। उपक्रमप्रभृत्यपवर्गपर्यन्तं मूर्त्तं सत्त्वभूतं सत्त्वनामभिः। व्रज्या पक्तिरिति। अद इति सत्त्वानामुपदेशः। गौरश्वः पुरुषो हस्तीति। भवतीति भावस्य। आस्ते शेते व्रजति तिष्ठतीति। (निरुक्त - यास्क) A traditional list (of words) has been handed down (to us). It is to be (here) explained. This same list is called Ni-ghaṇṭavas. From what (root) is (the word) Ni-ghaṇṭavas derived? They are words quoted from the Vedas (ni-gamāḥ). Having been repeatedly gathered together from Vedic hymns, they have been handed down by tradition. Aupamanyava holds that, as these are the quoted words of the Vedas, they are called Ni-ghaṇṭavas on account of their being quoted (ni-gamanāt). Or else (the word Ni-ghaṇṭavas) may be (so called) from being fixed only (√han), i.e. (a list, in which) they (the words) are fixed together, or collected together (√hṛ). Now, what (are) the four classes of words? They are the following: noun and verb; prepositions and particles. With reference to this, they thus prescribe the definition of noun and verb: the verb has becoming as its fundamental notion, nouns have being as their fundamental notion. But where both are dominated by becoming, a becoming arising from a former to a later state is denoted by a verb, as ‘he goes’, ‘he cooks’, &c. The embodiment of the whole process from the beginning to the end, which has assumed the character of being, is denoted by a noun, as ‘going’, ‘cooking’, &c. The demonstrative pronoun is a reference to beings, as ‘cow’, ‘horse’, ‘man’, ‘elephant’, &c.; ‘to be’, to becoming, as ‘he sits’, ‘he sleeps’, ‘he goes’, ‘he stands’, &c. (Translation by Sri Lakshman Sarup - “The Nighaṇṭu and The Nirukta”)

Unicode font help

Windows XP and Windows Vista Users

If you are not able to read the Telugu content properly please follow the following steps.

Go to Control Panel > Select Regional and Language Options > Click on the Languages tab > Select the check box 'Install files for complex scripts and right-to-left languages (Including Thai)'

Click on OK

This will prompt you to insert XP CD. Insert the CD and repeat the process. Allow the system to copy necessary files. Restart the system. Now you will be able to read the Telugu content on IE, FireFox and Opera

Windows 98 and Windows 2000 With IE 6.0+ Users

If you see boxes, rounds, junk characters instead of Telugu fonts, or sometime you may see Telugu content but 'ottakshara' are not coming properly follow the step 1.

Step 1 :

1. Download pothana2000.ttf font or Vemana.ttf and paste in FONTS folder.
   [Right click on the link and click on 'Save Link As' or 'Save Target As']
2. Get USP10.DLL and paste in Program files > Internet Explorer folder. Get USP10.DLL from this link

Once you install the font and place the dll file as mentioned, restart the system. Even now if you can't read Telugu content properly then you can enable indic support. To do that follow step 2:

Step 2 :

Go to Start > Settings > Control Panel > Regional Options > General [Tab] In the "Language settings for this system" frame, check the box next to "Indic".

Click on OK

Copy the appropriate files from the Windows 2000 CD when prompted. If prompted, reboot your computer once the files have been installed.

The above steps should fix the problem. If it still doesn't, please write to us at dictionary@andhrabharati.com with the browser version, OS version and the problem you are facing.

It would help us if you can send a snapshot of the characters which are not correct. Please follow the instructions below to take a snapshot,

1. Open the page which has the problem.
2. Select Print Screen key to take a snapshot.
3. Open a Word processing software like Word and paste (Control-V) the snapshot"
4. Save the image and send it to us.

Unicode support in IE browser before version 6.0 is not good. We recommend you to upgrade to at least IE 6.0+

For Linux Operating System

Copy one of the Telugu fonts file from Telugu Fonts (we recommend vemana2000.ttf font) to .fonts directory in the user's home directory. If .fonts directory does not exist in the home directory, please create it. Finally run the command 'fc-cache' from the command prompt. It is very important to restart the browser, then only you will be able to read the content in Telugu.

Mac and iPhone

In Mac OS X 10.4, if you are using 'Safari' web browser, no need to do anything.

Unfortunately iPhone doesn't support any Indian Unicode fonts. We are as eager as you to make our language channels iPhone compatible

This will fix almost all the problems. If you still have any problems contact us with the browser version, OS version and the problem you are facing.

(Source: http://www.click.in/help/language-font/5/telugu-unicode-font-help.html)

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The following is our wish list of Sanskrit dictionaries to be added to the search.

Sanskrit to English Dictionaries

^✓A Dictionary in Sanscrit and English : H. H. Wilson (2nd Ed., 1832)
  A Dictionary in Sanscrit and English : Rev. W. Yates (1846)
  A Sanskrit - English Dictionary : Theodore Benfey (1866)
  The Standard Sanskrit-English Dictionary : LR Vaidya (1889)
^✓A Sanskrit - English Dictionary : Carl Cappeller (1891)
^✓Sanskrit-English Dictionary : Sir M. Monier Williams (2nd Ed., 1899)
The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary : Vaman Shivram Apte (2nd Ed., 1912)
A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary : Arthur Anthony MacDonell (1924)

Sanskrit to Sanskrit Dictionaries

शब्दकल्पद्रुमः : स्यार राजा राधाकान्तदेव बहादुरः
    (Sabdakalpadrum : Sri Raja Radha Kanta Deva) (3rd Ed., 1967)
वाचस्पत्यम् : श्री तारानाथ-तर्कवाचस्पति भट्टाचार्यः
     (Vachaspatyam : Sri Taranatha Tarkavachaspati) (1962)

English to Sanskrit Dictionaries

Dictionary, English and Sanskrit : Sir M. Monier Williams (1851)
English - Sanskrit Dictionary : Anundoram Borooah (1877)
The Student's English-Sanskrit Dictionary : Vaman Shivram Apte (3rd Ed. 1920)

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✓ - available online for search

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As this is a gigantic manual work, there are bound to be errors (omissions/ mistakes etc.) and the users are requested to use the "report error" link, provided at every word, to inform us the errors. The reported words will be verified and corrected.

We request volunteers' support in digitizing and proofing so that more dictionaries could be added to the search at a faster pace.

You may contact us at
    seshavadapalli@yahoo.com
    knbrao@yahoo.com

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    seshavadapalli@yahoo.com
    knbrao@yahoo.com

Credits

సంస్కృత నిఘంటువులు Sanskrit Dictionaries సంస్కృత నిఘంటువు Online Sanskrit Dictionary Sanskrit english dictionary Samskrita Kosha - Samskruta Kosha English Sanskrit Dictionary